Before the U.S. Supreme Court in Castillo v. U.S. (2000)

“Stephen Halbrook is an attorney with extensive knowledge of the historical underpinnings of the Second Amendment and practical knowledge of litigating in this rapidly evolving area of law. His writings include topics as diverse as Gun Control in the Third Reich and The Founders’ Second Amendment, and he was heavily involved in Heller and McDonald.”

– U.S. District Judge Michael J. Reagan
Shepard v. Madigan, 2014 WL 4825592, *7 (S.D. Ill. 2014)

Supreme Court Practice

Comments on ATF Regulation Proposals

Practice Areas

Gun Control Act/National Firearms Act

  • Firearm technical classifications
  • ATF regulatory compliance
  • FFL warning conferences, license denials,
    and revocations
  • Forfeitures
  • Legal disabilities and restoration of civil rights
  • Criminal defense

State and Local Laws

  • “Assault weapon” restrictions
  • Legal status of firearms
  • Challenging restrictions

Civil and Criminal Cases Litigated >>

1968 Hearings on GCA Regulations

Books

Congressional Testimony

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Scholarly Articles

“How a Fake Citation Misled Courts to Uphold ‘Sensitive Place’ Gun Bans,” 2 Journal of Law & Civil Governance at Texas A&M 433 (2026).

“Birthright Citizenship Requires Parental Allegiance to the United States: The Meaning of ‘Subject to Its Jurisdiction’ in the Fourteenth Amendment” (October 27, 2025).

“The Power to Tax, the Second Amendment, and the Search for Which ‘“Gangster” Weapons’ to Tax,” 25 Wyoming Law Review No. 1 149 (2025) (Special Issue: The National Firearms Act).

“Textualism, the Gun Control Act, and ATF’s Redefinition of ‘Firearm’,” Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy: Per Curiam No. 32, (Summer 2024).

“Text-and-History or Means-End Scrutiny? A Response to Professor Nelson Lund’s Critique of Bruen,” 24 Federalist Society Review, (Mar. 15, 2023).

“The Second Amendment Was Adopted to Protect Liberty, Not Slavery: A Reply to Professors Bogus and Anderson,” 20 Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy 575 (2022).

“Право народа на хранение и ношение оружия: вторая поправка билля о правах сша” [“The Right of the People to Keep and Bear Arms: the Second Amendment in the U.S. Bill of Rights”], 2 Ukrainian Law Journal “Law of the USA” (2013), 240-50.

“The Right of the People to Keep and Bear Arms: the Second Amendment in the U.S. Bill of Rights,” 2 Ukrainian Law Journal “Law of the USA” (2013), 240-50.

“Banning America’s Rifle: An Assault on the Second Amendment?,” 22 Federalist Society Review (June 28, 2021).

“Virginia’s Second Amendment Sanctuaries: Do They Have Legal Effect?,” Regent University Law Review, No. 2, 277 (2020-2021).

View More Scholarly Articles >>

Second Amendment Roundup at The Volokh Conspiracy

Op-Eds & Short Articles

TV Appearances

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Presentations

Huge NFA Victory Breakdown with Stephen Halbrook – Four Boxes Diner (Aug. 18, 2026)

Stephen Halbrook on How the American Revolution Had a Lot to Do with Gun Control – NRA, “Voices of the Second Amendment (Atlanta),” (Jun. 8, 2025)

Courthouse Steps Oral Argument: Garland v. Cargill – The Federalist Society, (Mar. 5, 2024)

Attorney Stephen Halbrook Discusses the Upcoming Supreme Court Case Garland v. Cargill on Whether Bump Stocks Are Machine Guns – The Federalist Society, “A Seat at the Sitting: The February Docket” (Feb. 15, 2024)

Attorney Stephen Halbrook Talks SCOTUS Re: Biden “Ghost Gun” and “Weapons Part Kits” – Four Boxes Diner (Aug. 13, 2023)

The Case for the AR15 – The Republican Professor (Aug. 1, 2023)

Attorney Stephen Halbrook Breaks Down Current Pistol Brace Fight – Four Boxes Diner (May 22, 2023)

A Year After Bruen, and This Is Happening? – America’s First Freedom (May 20, 2023)

ATF OVERREACH: Stephen Halbrook on How ATF Rules DO NOT = LAW; Defeating the ATF in Court – The Dana Show with Dana Loesch (Mar. 28, 2023)

View More Presentations >>

Instagram Updates

[ENGLISH BELOW] Após uma noite de violência e terror contra os judeus alemães (Kristallnacht), o seguinte decreto apareceu em jornais por toda a Alemanha:

“Judeus Proibidos de Possuir Armas
Por Ordem do ReichsFührer da SS Himmler
Munique, 10 de novembro [1938],
O Reichsführer da SS e Chefe da Polícia emitiu a seguinte Ordem: Todos aqueles que, de acordo com a Lei de Nuremberg, são considerados judeus, estão proibidos de possuírem armas.
Os violadores serão condenados a trabalhos forçados em campos de concentração e até 20 anos de prisão.”

De Halbrook, Hitler e o Desarmamento, Como o nazismo desarmou os Judeus e os “Inimigos do Reich”, pág. 218. 

Foto: Decreto original em alemão (1938) e membros da SA (Sturmabteilung) nazista saqueando e destruindo uma residência ou escritório pertencente a judeus durante o pogrom da Kristallnacht.
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Following a night of violence and terror against the German Jews (Kristallnacht), the following decree appeared in newspapers throughout Germany:

"Jews Forbidden to Possess Weapons
By Order of SS Reichsführer Himmler 
Munich, November 10 [1938]
The SS Reichsführer and German Police Chief has issued the following order:
Persons who, according to the Nürnberg Law, are regarded as Jews, are forbidden to possess any weapon. Violators will be condemned to a concentration camp and imprisoned for a period of up to 20 years."

From Halbrook, Gun Control in the Third Reich: Disarming the Jews and "Enemies of the State", p. 169

Photo: Original decree in German (1938) and Nazi SA (Sturmabteilung) members ransacking and destroying a Jewish-owned home or office during the Kristallnacht pogrom.
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#NoitedosCristais #Desarmamento #kristallnachtrememberance #guncontrolinthethirdreich #HitlereoDesarmamento

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[ENGLISH BELOW] Hoje marca o 103º aniversário do Putsch da Cervejaria de Hitler (8 e 9 de novembro de 1923). “Durante o golpe, Hitler, de armas em punho, fez reféns os oficiais presentes na Bürgerbräukeller, uma grande cervejaria de Munique; houve uma tentativa fracassada de tomar a principal delegacia de polícia; os nazistas, então, tentaram avançar, mas foram barrados pela polícia, que atirou, matando catorze ‘mártires’ nazistas, enquanto Hitler escapava.” Nos anos que se seguiram, “Hitler deu seu discurso anual na cervejaria Bürgerbräukeller para comemorar e relembrar os ‘heróis que caíram’ na troca de tiros com a polícia.”

De Halbrook, Hitler e o Desarmamento, págs. 31, 212. 
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Today marks the 103rd anniversary of Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch (Nov. 8-9, 1923). "In the putsch, Hitler took officials hostage at gunpoint at the Bürgerbräukeller, a large beer hall in Munich; a failed attempt was made to seize the main police station; and the Nazis tried to advance but were stopped by the police. The police fired and killed fourteen Nazi "martyrs" as Hitler ran away." In the years that followed, Hitler marked the anniversary with "an annual speech in the Bürgerbräukeller to commemorate and remember the ‘fallen heroes’ who had died in the shootout with the police.”

From Halbrook, Gun Control in the Third Reich, pgs. 10, 164.

Photo: Truck carrying Nazi members during the Beer Hall Putsch, Munich, Germany 1923.
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#PutschdaCervejaria #beerhallputsch #guncontrolinthethirdreich #HitlereoDesarmamento #onthisdayinhistory

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This 1944 Western ammo advertisement, titled "Now... He Shoots For Freedom," connected civilian hunting skills to military readiness during World War II. The text of the ad shares the story of Bill:

"Life began at ten for Bill, strutting out with his first Winchester and a pocketful of Western Super-X long range .22's! Sure those two big hopping jackrabbits caught him "flat-footed", but it didn't matter! He'd do better next time—and he did.
Today, instead of shooting for fun, Bill is shooting for Freedom—and doing a great job of it. Out on the training ranges, and in the front lines getting the range of the enemy, millions of men like Bill are making good use of the military cartridges Western is producing for them.

They know how Western ammunition shoots and are looking forward to the days when they can hunt game in peaceful fields and woods at home, with Western Super-X and Xpert ammunition..."
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#WesternAmmo #learningtoshoot #vintageammo #winchester22 #wwiiamericansoldiers

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Massachusetts firearms laws sure have changed: "As far back as 1645, Massachusetts law had required 'that all inhabitants...are to have armes in their houses fit for service.' British member of Parliament William Gerard Hamilton, who opposed taxing the American colonies, warned in 1767 about the colonists:

" 'There are, in the different provinces, about a million of people, which we may suppose at least 200,000 men able to bear arms; and not only able to bear arms, but having arms in their possession, unrestrained by any iniquitous Game Act. In the Massachusetts government particularly, there is an express law, by which every man is obliged to have a musket, a pound of powder, and a pound of bullets by him....' "

From Halbrook, The Founders' Second Amendment: Origins of the Right to Bear Arms, pgs. 11-12.
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#massachusettsgunlaws #massachusettsfirearmslaws #colonialamerica #thefounderssecondamendment #2ahistory

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"At the same time that political economists were assessing the merits of an armed populace over a standing army, legal theorists questioned criminal laws that punished the mere bearing of arms without any aggressive intent. Referring to 'the natural right of self-defense,' Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws (1748) asked, 'Who does not see that self-defense is a duty superior to every precept?' Montesquieu attacked Plato's proscription of the use of arms by slaves: 'If a slave, says Plato, defends himself, and kills a freeman, he ought to be treated as a parricide. This is a civil law which punishes self-defense, though dictated by nature.' "

From Halbrook, That Every Man Be Armed: The Evolution of a Constitutional Right, p. 34.

Image: "No Sheriff to Call" by Todd Connor
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#montesquieu #bearingarms #armedselfdefense #naturalrights #thateverymanbearmed

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The Armco AK-47 Sporter: "This Chinese-made rifle has a scope, a five-round magazine, and a thumbhole stock, which made it an ideal hunting rifle. In 1989, ATF held that the thumbhole stock met its new 'sporting' test for imports. But in 1998, the Clinton Administration ordered ATF to flip the criteria again to ban this and other rifles that could accept a 'large capacity military magazine,' even if not equipped with one. While ATF continued to consider the thumbhole stock as sporting, California bans thumbhole stocks as an 'assault weapon' feature. As this illustrates, verboten features are contradictory, arbitrary, and may change overnight."

From Halbrook, America's Rifle: The Case for the AR-15, p. 320 (photo caption).
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#AK47sporter #chineserifles #thumbholestock #assaultweaponfeatures #AmericasRifleTheCaseForTheAR15

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Lon Chaney Jr. (1906–1973), best known for his legendary portrayal of the Wolf Man in the 1941 horror classic, was an avid hunter and fisherman in real life.

He owned a large ranch, which was his personal retreat from Hollywood, where he could hunt, fish, raise livestock, and enjoy the rugged outdoor life he loved.

Happy Halloween! 🎃
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#LonChaneyJr # #LonChaneyJrWolfMan #theWolfman #ranchlifestyle #actorsthathunt

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Obrigada @bene.barbosa.35 por publicar meu livro, Os Suiços e suas Armas, por meio de sua nova editora. [Thank you, @bene.barbosa.35, for publishing my book, *The Swiss and Their Weapons*, through your new publishing house.]

PRÉ-VENDA – ENVIOS A PARTIR DE 01/12/2026 [PRE-ORDER – SHIPPING STARTS 12/01/2026]

Acesse www.trincheiraeditorial.com.br/ ou @trincheiraeditorial e clique no link da bio. [Go to www.trincheiraeditorial.com.br/ OR @trincheiraeditorial and click the link in bio.]

Resumo do site:

Em junho de 1940, com a queda da França, a Suíça ficou completamente cercada pelo Eixo. Hitler tinha mapas de invasão prontos. A Wehrmacht era trinta vezes maior do que o exército suíço. Toda lógica militar dizia que o pequeno país alpino seria o próximo a cair.

Não caiu.

Em Os Suíços e suas Armas, o constitucionalista americano Stephen Halbrook — advogado pela Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos e autor premiado de Target Switzerland — reconstrói com rigor inédito a engenharia da resistência suíça.

Combinando documentos da inteligência nazista, arquivos militares alemães e dezenas de testemunhos orais de suíços que viveram aqueles anos, o livro responde a uma pergunta incômoda: o que faz uma potência calcular que invadir um vizinho não vale a pena?

A resposta envolve três camadas: uma população universalmente armada e treinada, infraestrutura preparada para autodemolição e fortificações alpinas que tornariam a blitzkrieg impossível. Halbrook revela ainda o papel de oficiais judeus no alto comando suíço e a posição da Suíça como janela americana sobre o Reich. Mais de oitenta anos depois, este livro segue desconfortavelmente atual. Porque a pergunta sobre o que mantém um povo livre quando o cerco se fecha nunca envelhece.
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#OsSuiçosEsuasArmas #stephenhalbrook #SegundaGuerraMundial #HistóriaDaSuíça #histórianazista

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Marathon & Triathlon Photos

Reykjavík Half-Marathon, 2019
Reykjavík, Iceland

Jungfrau Marathon, 2004
Jungfrau, Switzerland

Marine Corps Marathon
Washington, D.C.

Alcatraz Triathlon, 2001
San Francisco, California

Berlin Marathon, 2019
Berlin, Germany

Berlin Marathon, 2017
Berlin, Germany